当正面碰撞发生时，Model 3的缓冲区能够有效控制乘客舱的减速，其先进的乘员约束系统与安全带预张紧器、限力器会协同保证车内乘客的安全。经过特殊设计的安全气囊可以在倾斜或偏置碰撞中有效保护乘客的头部，主动通风孔则会自动调整气囊内的气压以充分优化保护效果。以上所有功能，都是Model 3 5 星安全表现的体现。

• 小角度碰撞
  

发生在防撞梁的小角度偏置碰撞，也就是造成狭窄碰撞区域的碰撞里面，侧向的吸能区以及斜梁结构能有效减轻碰撞的影响。

这个结构包括了高强度的铝制缓冲梁，以及布置在车辆下前方的活动连接杆。此外还有额外的斜梁，在整个结构没有被碰撞直接影响到的情况下，将冲击力转移到防撞梁上。前悬挂顶部连接着强度极高的马氏体不锈钢梁，在严重的碰撞中能够进一步吸收冲击力。整个结构表面的后部被设计成“U”形。在碰撞中能够弯曲。即使在双电机全驱车型上，这套结构依然能高效工作。

• 侧面撞击
  

Model 3 还保持着 NHTSA 测试车型里侧面撞击影响最低的记录。与正面碰撞不同，侧面碰撞留给缓冲区的操作空间并不大，所以我们在尽可能窄的空间里面放入了我们设计的柱状结构和侧梁，以尽可能吸收更多的冲击力。这些部件与高刚性车身、强化电池外壳一起保护车辆免收侧面碰撞的影响。由于车身设计对车内空间干扰不大，我们的侧气囊体积可以做得更大，从而更好地保护车内乘客。

• 翻滚事故

在美国道路上，翻车事故是人员伤亡的主要来源。特斯拉车型的设计基础是通过尽可能下置的电池组以及融入前后轴的电机，营造极低的车身重心，从而大大减小翻车的可能性。当发生可能引起翻车的碰撞时，我们的内部测试表明，Model 3的车顶能够承受车身四倍的重压，而NHTSA的标准只要求到3倍。

许多车企都希望自己生产的车型在碰撞测试中取得优秀的表现，每一家车企都宣称自己的产品是安全的。但当事故真实发生时，这些测试都表明，如果你开的是一辆特斯拉，那你受伤的几率是最小的。

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完整英文：

Model 3 achieves the lowest probability of injury of any vehicle ever tested by NHTSA
The Tesla Team October 7, 2018

Based on the advanced architecture of Model S and Model X, which were previously found by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to have the lowest and second lowest probabilities of injury of all cars ever tested, we engineered Model 3 to be the safest car ever built. Now, not only has Model 3 achieved a perfect 5-star safety rating in every category and sub-category, but NHTSA’s tests also show that it has the lowest probability of injury of all cars the safety agency has ever tested.

NHTSA tested Model 3 Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive as part of its New Car Assessment Program, a series of crash tests used to calculate the likelihood of serious bodily injury for front, side and rollover crashes. The agency’s data shows that vehicle occupants are less likely to get seriously hurt in these types of crashes when in a Model 3 than in any other car. NHTSA’s previous tests of Model S and Model X still hold the record for the second and third lowest probabilities of injury, making Tesla vehicles the best ever rated by NHTSA. We expect similar results for other Model 3 variants, including our dual-motor vehicles, when they are rated.

What makes Model 3 safe?

In addition to its near 50/50 weight distribution, Model 3 was also designed with an extremely low polar moment of inertia, which means that its heaviest components are located closer to the car’s center of gravity. Even though Model 3 has no engine, its performance is similar to what’s described as a “mid-engine car” due to its centered battery pack (the heaviest component of the car) and the fact that Model 3’s rear motor is placed slightly in front of the rear axle rather than behind it. Not only does this architecture add to the overall agility and handling of the car, it also improves the capability of stability control by minimizing rotational kinetic energy.

Like Model S and Model X, Model 3 benefits from its all-electric architecture and powertrain design, which consists of a strong, rigid passenger compartment, fortified battery pack, and overall low center of gravity. These safety fundamentals help to prevent intrusion into the cabin and battery modules, reduce rollover risk, and distribute crash forces systematically away from the cabin – all while providing the foundation for our superior front crumple zone that is optimized to absorb energy and crush more efficiently. Here, you can see how the orange internal combustion engine block is thrust towards the cabin during a frontal impact test:

We also added state of the art features and new innovations in crash structure design, restraints and airbags, and battery safety to the core of Model 3’s design:

In frontal crashes, Model 3’s efficient front crumple zone carefully controls the deceleration of occupants, while its advanced restraint system complements this with pre-tensioners and load-limiters that keep occupants safely in place. Specially designed passenger airbags are shaped to protect an occupant’s head in angled or offset crashes, and active vents dynamically adjust the internal pressure of the frontal airbags to optimize protection based on the unique characteristics of the crash. Front and knee airbags and a collapsible steering column work to further reduce injury, all contributing to Model 3’s 5-star rating in frontal impact.

In pole impact crashes, in which a narrow obstruction impacts the car between the main crash rails, energy-absorbing lateral and diagonal beam structures work to mitigate the impact. This includes a high-strength aluminum bumper beam, a sway bar placed low and forward in the front of the car, cross-members at the front of the steel subframe that are connected to the main crash rails, and additional diagonal beams in the subframe that distribute energy back to the crash rails when they aren’t directly impacted. An ultra-high strength martensitic steel beam is also attached to the top of the front suspension to further absorb crash energy from severe impacts, and the rear part of the subframe is shaped like a “U” and buckles down when impacted. These structures continue to be effective even when a front motor is added for Model 3 Dual-Motor All-Wheel Drive, due to the fact that the subframe is designed to pull the nose of the motor down and out of the way.

Model 3 also has the lowest intrusion from side pole impact of any vehicle tested by NHTSA. Unlike frontal crashes, there is little room for crumple zone in a side impact, so we patented our own pillar structures and side sills to absorb as much energy as possible in a very short distance. These structures work alongside the vehicle’s rigid body and fortified battery architecture to further reduce and prevent compartment intrusion. With less intrusion into the cabin, our side airbags have more space to inflate and cushion the occupants inside.

Rollover accidents are a significant contributor to injuries and deaths on U.S. roads. Tesla’s vehicle architecture is fundamentally designed to have a very low center of gravity, which is accomplished by placing the heavy battery pack and electric motors as close to the ground as possible. In the event that a rollover does occur, our internal tests show that the Model 3 body structure can withstand roof-crush loads equivalent to more than four times its own weight and with very little structural deformation. NHTSA’s standards only require that cars withstand loads of three times their own weight.

Many companies try to build cars that perform well in crash tests, and every car company claims their vehicles are safe. But when a crash happens in real life, these test results show that if you are driving a Tesla, you have the best chance of avoiding serious injury.